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- <text id=93TT1121>
- <title>
- Mar. 08, 1993: Sick Of It All
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Mar. 08, 1993 The Search for the Tower Bomber
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ITALY, Page 48
- Sick Of It All
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Probing into an apparently bottomless political cesspool leaves
- the whole country feeling dirty
- </p>
- <p>JOHN MOODY/ROME
- </p>
- <p> Rome finally fell to the barbarians because of its decadence.
- Modern Italians are learning that history can repeat itself.
- Their proud and prosperous country is in decline and free fall
- because of some nasty vices familiar to the Caesars: greed,
- complacency and a betrayal of trust by those on whom it was
- conferred. Last year the ignominious ouster of the lira from
- Europe's exchange-rate mechanism told Italians that their economy
- was not as resilient as they once thought. Then they were forced
- to confront the power of the Mafia. And for 18 agonizing months
- they have been discovering that the crooks are not confined
- to the Cosa Nostra but reach right into the country's political
- establishment.
- </p>
- <p> The corruption investigation into kickbacks to political parties
- in return for public-works contracts has uncovered what now
- seems to be the largest public-corruption scandal in modern
- European history. Operation Clean Hands, run by five judicial
- prosecutors from a warren of fusty offices in Milan, has swept
- through Italy's corridors of power like a sirocco. Once confined
- to Milan, Clean Hands has now reached 21 cities. More than 800
- people have been arrested and an additional 1,000 are thought
- to be under investigation.
- </p>
- <p> The probe has claimed a number of prominent victims. Last week
- Giorgio La Malfa, leader of the small but influential Republican
- Party that bills itself as "the party of honest people," resigned
- after being notified he was under criminal investigation. Earlier,
- the chief financial officer for Fiat, Italy's largest private
- employer, was arrested along with another top executive. Both
- maintain their innocence. Ex-Prime Minister Bettino Craxi, who
- has received eight notifications that he is suspected of corruption
- offenses, was forced out last month as head of the Italian Socialist
- Party. Rome, Milan and Naples are without mayors because of
- the scandal. Three Cabinet Ministers tainted by association
- have stepped down. Prime Minister Giuliano Amato was reduced
- last week to arguing that just being under criminal investigation
- should not oblige a public official to quit. Amato won a lukewarm
- vote of confidence from Parliament last Thursday, but the scandal
- may yet consume his eight-month-old government.
- </p>
- <p> Investigators are now zeroing in on the state monopolies for
- highway construction, petrochemicals, television broadcasting,
- public transit, water and electricity, where large budgets are
- tempting targets for graft. Though no one has precise numbers,
- one study puts the rip-off at $11 billion a year over the past
- dozen years, a figure coincidentally comparable to Italy's annual
- public deficit.
- </p>
- <p> Clean Hands began in 1991, and got a break a year ago, when
- Luca Magni, owner of a cleaning company, got tired of paying
- tangenti, or kickbacks, for the contract to service a public
- nursing home. He led prosecutors to the facility's administrator,
- Mario Chiesa, a Socialist Party activist and Craxi associate.
- The police moved in, Chiesa squealed and the political house
- of cards began to collapse. Admits Clean Hands chief prosecutor
- Francesco Saverio Borrelli: "We had no idea when we started
- how deep this would go."
- </p>
- <p> At first, party bigwigs tried to brazen it out. But as the evidence
- of graft among the major parties multiplied, so did public outrage.
- Shortly before resigning, Craxi was accosted by an angry mob
- outside his party headquarters. Damning testimony from several
- key figures, and the likelihood that members of Parliament will
- be stripped of their immunity from criminal prosecution, sent
- party higher-ups into a frenzy. Says sociologist Franco Ferrarotti
- of the University of Rome: "These people always operated on
- the concept that public funds belong to the person who grabs
- them first. Whatever they steal is theirs. There has never been
- a concept of public service."
- </p>
- <p> With traditional parties like the Socialists and Christian Democrats
- discredited, voters are seeking alternatives. The big winner
- has been the Northern League, the populist movement that has
- ranted against official corruption for years. Founder Umberto
- Bossi once wanted to partition Italy into two or three separate
- states. Now that his party is Italy's third most powerful, he
- calls instead for greater regional autonomy.
- </p>
- <p> Another beneficiary of the scandal is Mario Segni, 53, a renegade
- Christian Democrat who wants a referendum on election reform.
- Says Segni: "Italy has lived through a horrible phase of corruption.
- The only good sign is that people are finally fed up." Adds
- Leoluca Orlando, 45, leader of the reformist La Rete party:
- "The old boys have had their chance. Now they must move aside
- and let us clean up."
- </p>
- <p> The stain of corruption has spread so wide that Clean Hands
- prosecutors cannot keep up with it. Former Christian Democrat
- leader Arnaldo Forlani last week compared the endless arrests
- to "the barbarization of the system that leaves nothing and
- no one." In this case though, it is the barbarians inside the
- gates who have to be feared.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-